"Sentencing Success: Crafting Clear and Effective Sentences"

Sentence (বাক্য) :

 A sentence is a word or group of words that must expresses a complete idea or sense or meaning and that may consists of a subject and a verb.

Also it may have an object or a complement

and the words must be order properly.

যে শব্দ বা শব্দ সমষ্টি দ্বারা সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ পায় এবং যা সাধারণত কর্তা এবং ক্রিয়া দ্বারা গঠিত তাকে sentence বা বাকা বলা হয়। Example:

-We practice English everyday. (Here we is subject, practice is verb, English is object and everyday is adverb)

Basically there are two parts of a sentence:

(একটি Sentence এ মূলত দুটি অংশ থাকে)

• Subject and

• Predicate Subject: A subject of a sentence is a person or thing about which something is said or written.

Predicate: And the Predicate that says what the Subject does.

যে ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু সম্পর্কে কোনকিছু বালা বা লিখা হয়

তাকে Subject বা কর্তা বলে।

যা subject বা কর্তা সম্পর্কে বলে বা করে বা লিখে

থাকে Predicate বলা হয়।

In the above example 'We' is subject and

'practice English everyday' is Predicate. A

sentence usually starts with a subject and then

predicate comes

N. B.: In some case like order, advice or request

subject is not mentioned. It is userstood. Example: (You) Keep quite -(You) Take care of your health

-(1) Thank you. And sometimes sentence starts with the predicate and then subject comes

Example:

-Long live Bangladesh

-Down went the Titanic

Kinds of Sentence:

Sentence can be classified into five categories according to the meaning or functions.

They are:- 1. Assertive Sentence 2. Interrogative Sentence 3. Imperative Sentence 4. Optative Sentence

5. Exclamatory Sentence

Assertive Sentence

Assertive Sentence: An assertive sentence is a simple/general

statement or assertion, either affirmative or negative. কোনো সাধারণ বিবৃতি বা বক্তব্যকে Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য) বলে

Pattern: Subject verb + object/complement/adverb/adjective Example:

English is an international Language. (Affirmative) -We do not do bad things. (Negative)

Everybody should know English: (Modal auxiliaries)

Interrogative Sentence

An interrogative sentence asks question about

a person or thing(s). It always ends with a note

of interrogation aka. question mark (?).

There are two ways to form an interrogative

sentence

1. Beginning with helping verbs (am, is, are, was,

were, have, has, had) or modal auxiliaries (shall,

should, will, would, can, could, may, might, etc.).

Example:

-Do you have your assignment ready? -Does speak English? -Did she work abroad? -Should I go there?

Can you hear the sound? -Don't you want any food? (Negative)

IL Beginning with some specific words like who, which, what, when, where, why, how, whom, how much, how many, etc. [These are known as 'WH

questions

Example:

-How is your business going on?

-Who fixed the computer? -Whom do you support? -What are you expecting from me?

-What time is it now?

-How many people have died there?

Imperative Sentence

A sentence that expresses a request, command,

order, advice, suggestion, etc, is an imperative

sentence.

In an imperative sentence, the subject is usually unexpressed; it is understood rather

Pattern: Subject (Invisible) + verb + object / where

Example: -Take care of you. -Give me the pen. -Do it now.

Be honest.

-Come here -Never tell a lie

-Do not laugh at other's helplessness.

-Let him go there.

Caution: You must your duty. (It is an

assertive sentence, not an imperative

Optative Sentence Wish, desire, prayer, etc. are expressed by the

sentence. Pattern: May + Assertive Example:

-May you live long

-May Allah bless you. Wish you all the best

-Long live Bangladesh. (Can be formed without 'may)

Exclamatory Sentence Exclamatory is a sentence which expresses strong/sudden feeling or emotion like surprise,

pain, delight, anger, disgust, etc.

Pattern: Alas! Hurrah/ Bravo/ What/ How etc. + Others

Example:

-Hurrah! Our cricket team has won the series. -Alas! He has failed the competition. -Bravo! You have done a great job. What a talented girl she is! -How sweetly the cuckoo sings!

What a wonderful land Bangladesh is!

-Were I a Super Hero!

a pity! -Fantastic! What an ideal

-Put that down now! -Leave the package at the door Walk softly, please.

Structure of a Sentence

According to structure, sentences are of three

types.

1. Simple Sentence. II. Complex Sentence.

III. Compound Sentence.

Simple Sentence: Simple sentence is structured with only one

subject and one finite verb. Simple sentence

has only one independent clause

Pattern: Subject + finite verb + complement

Exmaple:

-Bangladesh is a populated country

- Life is not a bed of roses -Human is the superior in this planet Complex Sentence:

A sentence consisting of one principal clause

and one or more sub-ordinate clause(s) is a complex sentence. Example:

-If you work hard, you will shine in life. (Here, 'if you work hard' is sub-ordinate clause and you will shine in life' is main or principal clause.) Sub-ordinate clause begins

with conjunctions like who, which, that, when,

how, where, while, if, whether, because, since,

es, though, although, till, until, unless, before,

after, so that, whenever, wherever, whoever, whatever, etc. Example:-

-I know where he lives do not know what his name is

While there is life there is hope. -We eat so that we can survive.

Compound Sentence:

A sentence having more than one principal clauses, linked by one or more coordinating conjunctions, preceded by a comma, is called compound sentence.

Conjunctions that are used in compound

sentences are and, but, or, for, nor, also, however, moreover, thus, so, therefore, else, still, as well as, accordingly, otherwise, yet, not yet, but also, either or, neither nor, on the contrary, etc. Example:

-Respect others, and others will respect you

He loves us, but he does not show it.